Your question is mostly covered in the following article: Can a person get passport during pendency of criminal case?
Renewal of passport may be subject to Indian laws, and this may be subject to the court’s permission as mentioned in the above article.
If the authorities in US are permitting you to live in India even beyond the validity of the passport, then you may not have a problem. But, those authorities may not permit you to do so, and may insist to get passport renewed. So, ultimately, you may have to apply for passport renewal and for that you may have to seek permission of the court, if needed, by filing an application through some local person in India, explaining that you are in India. If you conceal the information even after knowing about it, the same may be an offence / illegality in itself.
Dr. Ashok Dhamija is a New Delhi based Supreme Court Advocate and author of law books. Read more about him by clicking here. List of his Forum Replies. List of his other articles. List of his Quora Answers. List of his YouTube Videos.